Emperial Rome vs Han Essay

The Classical Period was a time where large, land-based empires were developed. The leaders of these empires were met with many questions on how to control their territories. While both the Han empire and Imperial Rome exercised political control over their empires through government structure, they differed in their organization of bureaucrats and their reliance on slavery. Both the Han and Imperial Rome exercised political control through similar government structure. The Han emperor, who was believed to be the â€Å"Mandate of Heaven†, had absolute power over all of his people. They relied heavily on their trained bureaucrats, the Shi, to carry out lawful duties. This reliance was supported by Confucian ways and stabilized the empire. Imperial Rome also practiced having a singular ruler to control the whole. The Roman emperor also was believed to have power over the citizens of Rome. The Romans also had their own class of bureaucrats who were valued highly. This social stratification unified Rome as a country. Both Han and Imperial Rome relied on social hierarchy to help with exercising political control over their empires. They practiced this structure because it unified power in the state and lessened the amount of chaos. The Han relied on their bureaucratic class of trained officials to exercise political control; whereas in Rome bureaucracy was given as a reward to returned war heroes. The Han’s bureaucrats, the Shi, were trained in the Confucian ways. This made the officials more reliable and prone to do the right thing. The Shi were also taught to embody the law and enforce it in the state. This method of â€Å"lead by example† helped citizens strive to do their best. If the citizens were all hoping to be a better man, the society as a whole would be a better place. The Han’s bureaucrats were ran more on a basis of trust in their behavior than the Roman’s. This method of trust in the bureaucrats was heavily supported by the Confucian teachings and their training in becoming better men. In Imperial Rome, bureaucracy was given to returned warriors. Rome hoped that by rewarding good soldiers there would be more desire to go fight in a war and succeed. These bureaucrats enforced the laws rather than embodying them. They weren’t reliable, but were forceful enough to get the job done by using fear to make the citizens behave and do as the laws said. The bureaucracy was given to the returned war heroes as a reward for their accomplishments in battles. This gave soldiers more desire to fight and do well in wars so that when they returned they would be honored for their accomplishments. The Han relied more on trust to carry out their political control than Imperial Rome did. The Hans trained their bureaucrats to make them more trustworthy and faithful to their ruler. However, Rome used their successful soldiers because they fought in many wars; they needed motivation for their soldiers to go be successful and to fight bravely and honorably. While both civilizations had slaves, Han China didn’t rely greatly on their slaves; however in Imperial Rome slaves were a critical and indispensable part of the society. In Chinese societies slaves were used mostly for at home chores such as cooking, cleaning, or going shopping. Even without slaves performing these domestic tasks, the Han could’ve survived. Also, slaves in China were treated less harshly than those in Rome. The slaves in China were allowed to refuse certain tasks that were not included in their contract when they first signed to their owner without fearing a severe beating. Lastly, China had an overall more lenient view on their slaves. The owners in Han were not as strict or cruel. However in Imperial Rome, slaves were mostly captured war prisoners who were being punished. This led to harsh punishment of the slaves to make sure they behaved and did as told. Slaves began doing a majority of the physical labor in Imperial Rome which made them an asset to the Roman society. If Rome were to lose their slaves, the economy would crumble and the empire would fall. Finally, some Roman slaves were given high titles, such as lawyers or doctors. So to lose these slaves would be to lost tons of profit. Both societies used slaves, but Imperial Rome was much more reliant on their slaves than Han China was. The Hans didn’t rely on slaves much because they knew that they weren’t reliable and if they kept a strong hold on them they would rebel and cause the fall of the empire. However, Rome used the method of scaring their slaves into doing the right thing. If the slaves feared a brutal beating they would be sure to make the right decisions and follow directions. In both Han China and Imperial Rome government structure was used to help exercise political control, however they differed on their organization of bureaucracy and their reliance on slavery.

My Review on Matchstick Men Essay

Matchstick men means a kind of person who can have others buy his things, even just a box of matchsticks, with his excellent deception and eloquence. Therefore, they are also called cheaters or con artists. In the film Matchstick Men, the main character Roy was such kind of an outstanding con artist who always cheated others. With his partner Frank, he made a lot of bucks. Whereas, he suffered from odd disease which gave him many pain. Things get to a turning point when a daughter called Angela came into his life. Roy gave deep love to her and gradually overcame his illness. As a result, he wanted to give up cheating others and be a responsible father. Nevertheless, after an accident, Angela killed someone that was cheated by them and Roy decided to sacrifice himself to protect his daughter. In the end, however, Roy found that all of this turned out to be a fraud which was directed by Frank. Ironically, he lost all his money that was also earned by cheating. What a joke! An excellent con artist though he was, Roy was cheated by his partner. And it really makes me realize the importance of communicating with others. Imagine the situation that when Roy heard he had a 14-year-old daughter, if he could phone his ex-wife and talk about it, perhaps the fraud could be debunked. However, Roy was afraid of talking with his ex-wife and failed to face the past, as a result, that gave cheaters a good opportunity to continue their plan. Besides, the movie also shows me the power of love. Before the appearance of Angela, Roy had serious illness and heavily relied on pills. It was the love to his daughter that cured him. He no longer ate pills and could eat pizza with his daughter on the carpet without caring about the clearness. In fact, he enjoyed time staying with her and had the happiest time in his life. So at the end of the movie, when Roy met the false ‘daughter’, though he was angry, he didn’t choose to revenge but to forgive her. Love made a difference on him and changed his life. Another point I want to express is that misfortune may turn out to be an actual fortune. On the one hand, Roy was cheated and lost all of his money. From this aspect, he was absolutely unfortunate. However, during that period, he earned happiness and lightened his illness. After that he gave up cheating others and began a totally new life as a salesman. Money is important but compared with love, health and happiness, money is nothing. Though life deprived Roy of his money, he got love, happiness and health instead. Hence, when life is tough for us, we should see it from different aspects. Although we may lose something, we can also gain other things more important instead.

Regulating Violence Portrayed in the Media

Two themes have emerged as dominant in recent media broadcasts: sex and violence. These two themes have proven to garner high ratings from viewers and they further ensure the success of television programs and cinema movies. Viewers themselves rank programs which feature either or both of these themes as favorites. Of greater impact it seems is the evolution of violence as depicted in the media.With the aid of modern technology, especially as employed in animation and special effects, the depiction of violence has been further facilitated and enhanced. Furthermore, the proliferation of violent programs provides easy access to the same by viewers of all backgrounds, young and old as well as impressionable and guarded alike.This reflects that regulatory boards and associations are no longer able to keep up with the numerous programs deployed containing violent content. On the other hand, the ease with which violent content may be accessed might be attributed to a slackening in standard s. This is reflected in the programs which depict violent and gory images aired for children. Sometimes, as is the case with a lot of Japanese animation, the violence portrayed for the youth surpasses even that depicted for mature viewing.Scope and Nature of the ResearchThis research intends to study the role of violence as portrayed on the screen on aggressive behavior of viewers. It is the goal of this paper to assess whether or not there is a need to regulate the extent of depicted violence on screen. Should it be shown that such a need exists, then the reasonableness of the regulation to be made will be broached.No distinction will be made between programs aired on television and those shown in movie theaters. Neither will distinction be made between programs with purely violent content and programs which only dedicate a portion of the airtime to violence. Included in the programs and movies to be analyzed will be news programs, fictional stories, and even animation. It will be borne in mind that what is of importance in this study is not so much the manner in which the violence is depicted but more on the effect that portrayals of violence has on the viewing public.What will be taken into account will be the effect that violence has on the individual behavior as well as on the society at large bearing witness to it. Given the response of persons, whether implicit or explicit, to portrayals of violence, a close look will be taken as to the effect of regulating the violent content of movies and programs in the cinema and on television.A brief analysis will be made regarding the effect such a regulation might have on viewer ratings and on the process of regulation itself. It is only as regards this aspect of regulation that an analysis of acceptable levels of violence will be made. Therefore, it is only in outlining a rational process of regulation wherein the manner of depicting violence will be assessed. These are the research goals and delimitations withi n which this paper will be made.Research IssuesSuch goals have been borne out of an observation that the increase in violent programs shown on screen have resulted in a related increase in crime and violence in the community. Several empirical research data have been obtained which support this observation. Although there has been contradictory evidence obtained which also tend to refute supporting evidence, the fact remains that in some populations and studies, a positive correlation has been drawn between television violence and violence in the individual and in the community.Furthermore, actual cases have been observed wherein felonies have been committed mimicking behavior aired on television or shown in a movie. This reflects the danger of giving free license to creativity in violent films. This is particularly so in programs wherein the characters are permitted to accomplish their criminal objectives without resulting in action by legal or police authorities.Not only as regard s criminal behavior, but even in programs reflecting suicide behavior, there has been shown a duplication effect in the acts of viewers. Thus it is shown that concepts shown by the media give ideas to the audience regarding behavior that they themselves might engage in. Taking into consideration the extent of violent acts that can possibly be depicted in films today and the variety of programs accessible to different viewers, we are faced with the problem of having to control for an infinite number of different atrocities in any given community.Given these facts, the emerging issue is undeniably whether or not regulation may effect a means of control for aggressive and violent behavior in societies exposed to violence in films. Given that violent programs have already been introduced into the regular broadcast of media, would its belated regulation result in a discernable change? Furthermore, up to what extent should regulation be made in order that an observable decline is found in violent behavior of the public?Theoretical FrameworkThe focus and issues of this paper is based on several theoretical foundations. These theories serve to ground the rationalizations and argumentations made regarding the relationship of media portrayed violence and actual violent behavior. An understanding of the theoretical framework of such a relationship will support the importance of regulation and provide a background for determining the level of regulation required.The first underlying theory bases the relationship on cognitive priming. Cognitive priming focuses on the ability of a stimulus to activate similar stimuli causing a chain of reactions as a result of the initial stimulus presented. This type of inference from one stimulus to another is largely dependent on built-in associations established in the memory pathways of the individual.Applying this approach to violence, it is theorized that the violence in films stimulates previously held aggressive thoughts or tendenc ies in an individual. In fact, the individual need not necessarily have entertained such aggressiveness nor is there a need that the individual be attracted to violence. The only aspect required on the part of the individual when considering the cognitive priming approach is that there is a natural link made between the violent scene or act viewed with other violent behaviors – both those personally experienced and those simply associated on basis of logic.Emotional arousal is different from cognitive priming in this sense because in emotional arousal, the natural tendency is key in bringing forth aggressive behavior as a result of witnessing a violent program. It should be noted that arousal merely energizes dominant behavior in a particular situation. Therefore, arousal produced by watching violent programs merely facilitates or intensifies a predisposition for violence. However, if there is no prior propensity for aggression, then there is no object to be energized by the arousal resulting from violent films.Another reason why individuals are encouraged to act on their aggression after viewing violent behavior is a probable sponsor effect which operates on the mind of the viewer. This effect results from a perspective regarding the person of the sponsor endorsing the violent program.This effect is said to have relevance when certain socialization norms dominate the understanding of the viewer causing him or her to gain respect for certain authority figures – such as the ones who have permitted the airing of the violent program. Given that the acts in the program were encouraged and not prohibited, then certainly the imitation of the same in actual life should warrant the same encouragement or at least a degree of tolerance.It can thus be seen from the above theories that repeated exposure to violence on films causes an increase in permissiveness for deviant behavior. Furthermore, the lack of portrayal of punishment of violence causes viewers t o rationalize that they themselves are capable of escaping reprimand should they perform the same acts.As regards sensationalized victims of violence, individuals may even bring home the message that should they themselves receive the violence witnessed, they too should receive attention and momentary fame. All these signals represent misinformed ideologies about the role and effect of violence in society thus resulting in socially maladaptive and harmful behavior.The Research ProcessConsidering the nature of the study to be made, several resources should be tapped in order to gain a holistic view as to the present standing of matters. Adequate research would also reflect the rational future steps to be made in terms of regulation. First, relevant material pertaining to present regulatory guidelines pertaining to violence should be obtained. Given, the guidelines, an assessment should be made whether or not the same are applied.Next, an actual study should be made gathering data fro m a chosen population regarding the effect on aggression in viewers of the permitted level of violence in films. Should it be found that there is a significant relationship, then research must be made as to what level of viewed violence would not result in such violent viewer behavior.The results should then display the effect such a regulation would have on viewer behavior by reviewing the data collected from the population organized. Furthermore, television viewer ratings of violent programs should be noted in order that a determination may be made as to the effect regulation will have on the ratings of networks and movie houses. From the above it can thus be seen that legislative acts, experimental data, and media network data sheets will be utilized in order to solidify a firm resource base for the results of the study.In obtaining such resources, several research methods will need to be used, first of such will be the interview method. Members of movie regulatory bodies will ha ve to be interviewed regarding the process of review and the standard of violence permitted in movies. Also, officers of media networks or their representatives should be interviewed in order to gain an accurate estimation of the quantifiable effect of violence in shows on viewer ratings.Apart from interviews however, a field study should be conducted regarding the effect of particular levels of violence on viewers. In order to facilitate data collection, certain levels of violence will already be categorized and the viewers of such kinds of violence disseminated among the groups. Data will then be collected through a series of questionnaires and self-report tests.It is hypothesized that the study will reveal that there is a lack if media regulation of violence on television programs and movie shows resulting in heightened levels of violence in the community. Increased regulation of media portrayals of violence will however serve to dampen the awareness of the public regarding the v ariety of violent acts. Regulation will also serve to maintain the authority of legal and police figures in controlling violent behavior. Thus, there should be an increase in regulation of violence in the media.Works CitedFelson, Richard. â€Å"Mass Media Effects on Violent Behavior.† Annual Review of Sociology 22 (1996): 103-128.The author effectively synthesizes the large body of work related to the effects of mass media on resulting aggressive behavior in the viewer. The paper is objective and presents data supporting and defeating the relationship of depictions of violence with actual violent behaviors. The presentation sticks to the relevant data in the mass of previous studies conducted regarding the topic. Yet the detail embedded in the paper serves to enhance the reader’s knowledge of past studies. The paper is holistic as it takes into account concepts and theories as well as empirical data gathered.Pirkis, Jane, Burgess, Philip, Blood, R. Warwick, and Francis , Catherine. â€Å"The Newsworthiness of Suicide.† Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior 37(3) (2007): 278-283.The authors herein take on a very limited perspective on the role of media on suicidal behavior. The theory implemented herein is that of modeling and emulation only. A further limitation of the paper is that it only considers those suicide attempts which were real and covered by news programs.The authors focus on the danger that viewers may imitate the behavior of sensationalized and detailed suicidal acts. Several examples are given as to actual cases wherein media-covered suicides were copied by viewers of the news program. The authors themselves also suggest stricter regulation of suicides which are to be deemed as newsworthy and as to what aspects regarding the suicide should be revealed to the public.

External influences affecting the firm and its activities Essay

External influences affecting the firm and its activities - Essay Example 5 The article, â€Å"Wal-Mart files legal complaint against growing protests ahead of Black Friday† written by FoxNews.com on November 20, 2012. 6 References 8 Introduction It is factual that no business exists in a vacuum but in an external environment that consist of various factors and other players outside the business. Indeed, there are factors that the business can control. Nevertheless, the presence of external factors which the business cannot control is a fundamental challenge that all businesses face. As such, business manager must consider these factors and establish their influence on the business. The magnitude of external factors’ effect on business progress depends on the type of business and type of influence. We can conveniently classify the external factors into social, legal, economic, political, and technological factors. This paper will draw a comprehensive report on the external influences affecting four different firms and their activities. In doi ng this, the paper will summarize the information in four relevant stories that address external influences on specified firms and their activities.  The companies in this context will include the Starbucks, Cheetham Hill Construction Company, Apple, and Wal-Mart. The article, â€Å"the reality of recession for small businesses? ‘We need help' authored by Julia Kollewe, Nadine Schimroszik and Dan Milmo on 25 October 2012. ... 1). The article notes that although the construction company had recorded fair progress, the company faces serious challenges in generating new business since the recession ended. Indeed, the article reckons that the company now operates under tight margins and the company encounters challenges in paying the employees and the suppliers. In fact, the article notes that the effects of recession on construction manifested the true picture of the economy at the time. Assuredly, most small firms including Cheetham Hill Construction Company now live on a knife edge and they constantly delay payments to suppliers except to the main suppliers (Kollewe, Schimroszik &Milmo 2012, p. 1). More so, the article establishes that the company called for tax breaks to enable the company train a new generation of construction workers. Prior to the recession, the company used to take apprentices every year but now the company cannot afford that subject to the recession. Indeed, since most of the workforc e in construction comes from SMEs, the construction companies are lacking labor supply as the SMEs suffer from the recession (Kollewe, Schimroszik &Milmo 2012, p. 1). Notably, recession has very significant adverse effects on any business. Ideally, the most adverse effect of recession on business is reduced job security as workers prefer recession-proof businesses which have capacity to thrive or survive a recession. Furthermore, small business suffers the greatest loss in a recession subject to their inadequate preparedness, budget constraints, and few resources. Other effects that derive from recession include reduced cash flow, loss of demand, and marketing constraints (Sandilands 2013, p. 1). The article,

How to Fake a Puffin Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

How to Fake a Puffin Society - Essay Example There does not seem to be any underlying arguments about the politics of the environment or anything like that – the author spends almost the entire time describing the process that had to be undertaken to return Puffins to a colony, including using fake birds and â€Å"recorded bird calls† to get tarns, a bird that would replace another bird that threatened the puffin population (Nijhuis 3). The time devoted to describing this and other scientific processes that the professor had to do over the years shows that the author really is just trying to tell an interesting, informative story. The author does not seem to have a very small or specific audience in mind. The author does not seem to think that the reader will be any kind of experts in the field, because she takes great efforts to make sure that the reader, even if they do not already know anything about Puffins, will understand. Also, the author explains things that someone with any kind of academic or practical k nowledge of puffins would already know, things like the way they relate to each other, how they mate and so on. The language is not very advanced, without any specific technical words. This seems to show that the author wants to write for a very general audience, they want anyone who happens to pick up this article to be able to read it and have a good time. Other than that there is very little to show that the author intends a specific audience: they do not seem concerned about age, gender, education, or any of the other things that people usually use to target an audience. The author writes for a very broad group. The author’s persona is very closely tied to the audience. This author wants to write in a way that makes readers interested and want to connect with what she is saying. In this, the author’s persona comes across as being very relaxed, but engaged. She seems to find all of the information that she is passing on to the reader valuable and genuinely interesti ng, diving into the smallest details. The persona also comes across with a great deal of curiosity and a little bit of authority. It seems like the persona knew nothing about this topic before looking into it, but has now discovered a great deal of information and wants to share that information with the reader. This means that the persona comes across as having real authority to speak on the topic but also puts the reader very far from being too knowledgeable – the persona does not at all speak down to the reader, but rather shares the exploration with him or her. There are several methods used in this piece. The first appeals to authority. Most of this paper is structured as the things that the author had learned from the main scientist she investigated, and so many of her reports stem from his authority. The article also uses a cause-effect structure because it tries to demonstrate how certain actions in helping a puffin colony develop actually allowed the colony to develo p. The article has almost no statistics but is very descriptive of the processes undertaken. The appeals used in this article vary. On the one hand, there seem to be a lot of emotional appeals. The article begins by talking about how â€Å"First things first: Puffins are adorable† (Nijhuis 1).

Approaches against Fraudulent Activities Case Study

Approaches against Fraudulent Activities - Case Study Example Hence, even poorly performing firms obtained huge amounts of credits from MCI and this condition adversely affected MCI’s operational efficiency. When receivable collection periods went beyond the stipulated timeframe, the organization was forced to write off some of its receivables. Undoubtedly, this condition caused the firm to experience a rise in its expenses and thereby a decline in earnings per share. Ultimately, MCI’s stock price dropped due to the decline in EPS. As Lyon and Tocco (n. d.) point out, Pavlo used a variety of accounting tricks to convince the management that the level of bad debts and amount receivables had fallen under the safety range. In other words, Pavlo totally manipulated the accounting system to conceal the actual state of affairs of the company. It is obvious that the absence of a well-executed internal check system assisted Pavlo to apply unfair accounting tricks to deceive the company management. A person is not allowed to carry through a transaction from beginning to end under the internal check system. ... situation aided him to employ accounting malpractices such as ‘unapplied cash’ and ‘placeholder credits’ to conceal MCI’s actual financial status. Approaches against Fraudulent Activities If an individual suspects fraudulent activity within the organization where he works, it is advisable for him not to make any false allegation. In addition, he must never try to take any unfair advantage of that fraudulent activity. Every organization has a distinct corporate culture and hence a specific mechanism to report fraud. It is recommendable for the individual to strictly adhere to the accepted fraud reporting mechanism of the organization. If an individual suspects fraud in his organization, firstly he must make an immediate note of his concern. He should specifically try to note relevant details concerning the fraud including telephone conversations, date and time, or names of parties involved. Secondly, the individual has to report the fraud to someone wi th proper authority and experience. Generally, it is better to report fraud to line managers, internal auditors, or whistleblowers. In addition, fraud may be reported to the Monitoring Officer, Chief Executive, or the Director of Finance. The individual should not make any delay in reporting the suspected fraud to proper authorities because such a situation would cause the organization to suffer further financial loss. Finally, the individual should ensure that the authority has taken proper actions over his fraud report; otherwise, he must report the case to higher authorities. Under no circumstance, the individual can disclose his suspicion to public or any other unauthorized person.  

Management in Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Management in Nursing - Essay Example Sundry Issues on Nurse Managers’ Leadership / Management Styles: Reflective Essay There has been a distinction cited between leadership and management. In particular, it has been noted that leadership is just one of the numerous desirable facets that a manager ought to have. The eventual goal of a manager is to optimize the productivity of the firm through effective administration. To carry this out, the manager must effectively carry out the functions of organizing, planning, staffing, directing, and controlling. Thus, leadership is said to only be a single aspect of the directing role. Moreover, Predpall (1994) suggests that senior management must manifest profound involvement and be a role model; such involvement by senior management cannot be delegated. There are several noteworthy issues which I have had the opportunity to reflect on during the course of my clinical placement. My insights were analyzed in light of the different leadership styles, and the strategies employed by each nurse manager who exhibited the style. The first leadership style, that of the autocrat, leads through the use of unilaterism to achieve one objective. This style, on the whole, requires that the leader exert constant pressure and directing from the leader to accomplish results. In addition, a prevalent outcome is submissive resistance from subordinates.

Nursing Professional Behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Nursing Professional Behavior - Essay Example Whatever the debate, one thing is clear, nurses are expected to conduct themselves in a professional manner and exude pleasantness at all times. Therefore the purpose of this paper is to study in depth the nursing professional behavior in a bid to understand what one is expected to require of a nurse. Before proceeding further one may be curious to ask, do the traditional nurse uniforms maketh a nurse is it the behavior that communicates professionalism The answer to this may be varied but popular opinion holds that both play an important role i.e. it is crucial that a nurse be courteous, and dress the part. Dressing helps the nurses give a good first impression as well as appear more trustworthy to the patient which is the first step in surmounting the primary obstacle in the profession. On the other hand the greater challenge lies in sustaining this trust throughout the period which the patient is under hospital care. No doubt this can be strenuous because so much is expected from them.

Service Marketing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Service Marketing - Assignment Example However, People today are more selective, alert, enlightened and powerful. Traditional concept of shopping has been changed, and now conventional shops and outlets are at the verge of extinction. This makes marketers to put their effort to categorize consumers according to their response toward the unfamiliar products/services. Marketing has been often misunderstood by many managers as investing huge amounts in advertising and sales. Innovations and technological advancements have made service/product marketing highly complex and competitive. This paper will discuss some essential marketing objectives, effective method of market research, and proper implementation strategies etc. with relevant examples and reasons. A consumer in his daily life confronts with hundreds of new products and service offers. The age of cutthroat competition is compelling marketers to innovate techniques to promote their products and services. Consumer behavior is a highly important factor in marketing operations. Each purchaser is unique and his needs also might vary from others. The new concept ‘consumer is the king’ has great importance in today’s marketing scenario. Customer acquisition and retention has become too difficult for organizations. It happens because of two reasons; competition is at its peak; and customers are highly informed. Hence market research and further planning has great significance in today’s business field. Theoretical aspects of advertisements have long term effect on certain segments of people. However, investing huge amounts in advertising and sales can not be justified as marketing. 1. The initial objective of marketing is to increase product awareness among the customers. Company should have a clear and measurable strategy to assess the results of its functions. As mentioned earlier, customers have become selective more than ever before. Hence, product awareness and incessant persuasion are essential